![\"\"](\"http:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/wide-characters.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
After you set the necessary locale for your program, you’re free to use the wide character functions defined in the You’ll find several category constants, each of which relates to a specific locale element, such as number formatting, date and time, monetary symbols, and so on. The two often used when playing with wide characters are The For the locale string, you must specify the proper character set. What you’re after for wide characters\/Unicode is the UTF-8 standard<\/a>. The string to use is “UTF-8” and the full statement is:<\/p>\n Also acceptable is the specific language tag for your region, such as:<\/p>\n Where Once the locale is set, you can employ the wide character functions defined in The following code displays several Unicode characters to standard output.<\/p>\n Only the An array of wchar_t<\/em> characters is defined at Line 6. It’s not a string. It doesn’t end with a null character.<\/p>\n Line 11 sets the locale to output UTF-8 characters.<\/p>\n The for<\/em> loop at Line 12 sends the The putchar()<\/em> function at Line 14 adds a newline, which could have been part of the Here’s the output:<\/p>\n To create more string-like output, you can modify the The hello[]<\/em> array now includes the ASCII characters !, newline, and null. The fputws()<\/em> function at Line 12 sends that wide-character string to standard output. (An equivalent putws()<\/em> macro doesn’t exist.)<\/p>\n As you might guess, a wide-character version of the printf()<\/em> statement is available, wprintf()<\/em>, along with its various sisters for different types of formatted wide-character output. It’s not a straightforward version of printf()<\/em>, as you’re dealing with wide (long) characters. I’ll explore the quirks in next week’s Lesson<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Configure the proper locale details and the wide assortment of wide character output functions await your pleasure. Continue reading wchar.h<\/code> header file. For some reason, this process is poorly-documented on the Internet, which is probably why you’re here.
\n
\nFrom last week’s Lesson<\/a>, you learned of the setlocale()<\/em> function, which is key to creating a program environment capable of outputting wide character. The setlocale()<\/em> function features two arguments: a category constant and a locale string.<\/p>\nLC_ALL<\/code> and LC_CTYPE<\/code>.<\/p>\nLC_ALL<\/code> constant sets the program’s entire locale. LC_CTYPE<\/code> is specific to text, so it’s the one I use.<\/p>\nsetlocale(LC_CTYPE,\"UTF-8\");<\/code><\/p>\nsetlocale(LC_CTYPE,\"en_us.UTF-8\");<\/code><\/p>\nen_us<\/code> is American English.<\/p>\nwchar.h<\/code> in your code. For example, the putwchar()<\/em> function is the wide-character counterpart to the putchar()<\/em> function. Its argument is wchar_t<\/em> value, a Unicode character.<\/p>\n\r\n#include <locale.h>\r\n#include <wchar.h>\r\n\r\nint main()\r\n{\r\n wchar_t hello[7] = {\r\n 0x41f, 0x440, 0x438, 0x432, 0x435, 0x442, 0x021\r\n };\r\n int x;\r\n\r\n setlocale(LC_CTYPE,\"UTF-8\");\r\n for(x=0;x<7;x++)\r\n putwchar(hello[x]);\r\n putchar('\\n');\r\n\r\n return(0);\r\n}<\/pre>\nlocale.h<\/code> and wchar.h<\/code> headers are required; the wchar.h<\/code> header includes stdio.h<\/code>, so you don’t need to specify it again. (This inclusion may not hold for every C compiler, so if you get an error, include the stdio.h<\/code> header.)<\/p>\nhello[]<\/code> array’s Unicode\/wchar_t<\/em> characters to standard output courtesy of the putwchar()<\/em> function.<\/p>\nhello[]<\/code> array, but I wanted to show that you can mix text-output methods. (ASCII code 0x21 is part of the array.)<\/p>\nПривет!<\/code><\/pre>\nhello[]<\/code> array to include a null character and instead of looping through the elements, use the fputws()<\/em> output function:<\/p>\n\r\n#include <locale.h>\r\n#include <wchar.h>\r\n\r\nint main()\r\n{\r\n wchar_t hello[] = {\r\n 0x41f, 0x440, 0x438, 0x432, 0x435,\r\n 0x442, '!', '\\n', '\\0'\r\n };\r\n\r\n setlocale(LC_CTYPE,\"UTF-8\");\r\n fputws(hello,stdout);\r\n\r\n return(0);\r\n}<\/pre>\n