{"id":6666,"date":"2024-11-16T00:01:37","date_gmt":"2024-11-16T08:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/?p=6666"},"modified":"2024-11-23T09:02:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-23T17:02:30","slug":"the-hexword-tally-and-total","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/?p=6666","title":{"rendered":"The HexWord Tally and Total"},"content":{"rendered":"

The dictionary is full of words composed of only the letters A through F, which are also hexadecimal digits. These English language hexwords can be pulled from the computer’s digital dictionary, which was demonstrated in last week’s Lesson<\/a>. Time to update the code!
\n
\nI have three tasks to accomplish for this week’s update:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Limit the results to words four letters or longer<\/li>\n
  2. Display a count of the results<\/li>\n
  3. Output each hexword’s decimal value<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    To carry out the first task, the strlen()<\/em> function is added to the code. If the function’s result is greater than three, the word is four letters long or longer:<\/p>\n

    if( strlen(hexword) > 3 )<\/code><\/p>\n

    This test takes place after the word is confirmed to be a hexword. If true, the word is output.<\/p>\n

    The second task is to display a tally. For this job, I use my favorite int<\/em> variable count<\/code>, which must be declared:<\/p>\n

    int count;<\/code><\/p>\n

    It’s initialized before the main while<\/em> loop. After a positive hexword match is found, this variable is updated. These additions are found near the end of this source code file, which updates the code from last week’s Lesson:<\/p>\n

    2024_11_16-Lesson-a.c<\/a><\/h3>\n
    \r\n\/* Hex Words *\/<\/span>\r\n#include <stdio.h>\r\n#include <stdlib.h>\r\n#include <string.h>\r\n\r\n\/* this code assumes the following path is valid *\/<\/span>\r\n#define DICTIONARY \"\/usr\/share\/dict\/words\"\r\n#define SIZE 32\r\n\r\nint main()\r\n{\r\n    FILE *dict;\r\n    int count;\r\n    char word[SIZE],hexword[SIZE],*r,*w;\r\n\r\n    \/* open the dictionary *\/<\/span>\r\n    dict = fopen(DICTIONARY,\"r\");\r\n    if( dict==NULL )\r\n    {\r\n        fprintf(stderr,\"Unable to open %s\\n\",DICTIONARY);\r\n        exit(1);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* read the dictionary *\/<\/span>\r\n    count = 0;\r\n    while( !feof(dict) )\r\n    {\r\n        \/* read a word from the dictionary *\/<\/span>\r\n        r = fgets(word,SIZE,dict);\r\n        if( r==NULL )    \/* no word, done *\/<\/span>\r\n            break;\r\n\r\n        \/* remove newline *\/<\/span>\r\n        w = word;\r\n        while(*w)\r\n        {\r\n            if( *w=='\\n' )\r\n            {\r\n                *w = '\\0';\r\n                break;\r\n            }\r\n            w++;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* pull out only hex characters *\/<\/span>\r\n        sscanf(word,\"%[ABCDEFabcdef]\",hexword);\r\n\r\n        \/* compare hexword with original word *\/<\/span>\r\n        if( strcmp(word,hexword)==0 )\r\n        {\r\n            \/* choose words 4 letters long or longer *\/<\/span>\r\n            if( strlen(hexword) > 3 )\r\n            {\r\n                printf(\"%3d: %-10s\\n\",count+1,hexword);\r\n                count++;\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* clean-up *\/<\/span>\r\n    fclose(dict);\r\n    return(0);\r\n}<\/pre>\n
    The update really starts at Line 49, which is the strcmp()<\/em> comparison. If true, a hexword is found. This test is followed by strlen()<\/em> to confirm that the word is at least four letters long. Then the word tally and word itself are output.<\/p>\n
    Here’s a sample run (snipped):<\/p>\n
      1: Bede
    \n  2: Beebe
    \n  3: DECed
    \n  4: Dacca
    \n  5: Dada
    \n...
    \n 38: face
    \n 39: faced
    \n 40: fade
    \n 41: faded;
    \n 42: feed<\/code><\/p>\n
    The program found 42 positive results in the dictionary, regular words which are also hexwords.<\/p>\n
    The final task is to output the words’ decimal values.  After all, the hexadecimal values are already present. Duh.<\/p>\n
    To translate a string into a value, I use the strtol()<\/em> function<\/a>, which translates value strings in various bases (not just base 10). This statement translates a hexadecimal value in variable hexword<\/code> into a decimal value, stored in long<\/em> variable dec<\/code>:<\/p>\n
    dec = strtol(hexword,NULL,16);<\/code><\/p>\n
    The third argument, 16, informs the function to translate the string as a base 16 value. The result is then used in the printf()<\/em> statement, which I’ve updated like this:<\/p>\n
    printf(\"%3d: %-10s %10ld\\n\",
    \n        count+1,
    \n        hexword,
    \n        dec
    \n);<\/code><\/p>\n
    Click here<\/a> to view the updated code on GitHub. Here is the updated output:<\/p>\n
      1: Bede            48862
    \n  2: Beebe          782014
    \n  3: DECed          912621
    \n  4: Dacca          896202
    \n  5: Dada            56026
    \n...
    \n 38: face            64206
    \n 39: faced         1027309
    \n 40: fade            64222
    \n 41: faded         1027565
    \n 42: feed            65261<\/code><\/p>\n
    Of course, I’m not done with this program, though it’s correct and does what I want. No, I want more!<\/p>\n
    Currently, the output is sorted alphabetically, which is how the digital dictionary is read. But I want to sort the list by value! I begin to tackle this task in next week’s Lesson<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Time to limit, tally, and calculate the total for “hexwords” in the digital dictionary. Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-main"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6666"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6712,"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6666\/revisions\/6712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c-for-dummies.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}