I confess that I get sloppy with getchar() and putchar(). These are macros, not functions, but the issue is that their return value is an int, not a char variable. The reason why is important if you want to follow safe coding practices.
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String constants and strings created or manipulated by C library functions all set that terminating null character, '\0'. When you build your own strings, however, it’s easy to completely forget that null character. I know. I’ve done it.
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The two functions required from this month’s Exercise are show_arrays() and swap_arrays(). They’re not that difficult to code, meaning that you don’t need to use the dratted ** notation or perform any special tricks. Here’s how I solved the problem:
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As with the strcpy() function, covered in last week’s Lesson, you run a risk of buffer overflow with strcat(). The compiler doesn’t check for an overflow; to ensure that you’re practicing safe coding habits, that task is up to you.
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I’m amazed, and a bit envious, when I look at other programming languages to discover a rich variety of functions, or “methods,” that do specific tasks the C language lacks. One of these tasks deals with arrays.
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C offers a smattering of string-manipulation functions, but it leaves many of the critical issues up to you. Specifically, you must ensure that a string doesn’t overflow its buffer and that all strings are capped with the null character, '\0'.
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When it was pointed out to me that using the scanf() functions in my online teaching material was an “unsafe coding practice,” I thought, “Well, duh!” I’ve never been a fan of scanf(); it’s an ugly function.
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Recently, I was notified of some weak programming practices common in beginning C material. As someone who appreciates solid code, I was surprised to hear about these items. As a teacher, I’m quick to address them.
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When I see a problem such as finding a filename in a pathname, one of the first things I think of are regular expressions. For this month’s Exercise, however, that’s not the solution I coded.
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With almost all the former-constants converted to variables, only one puzzle remains: Padding each string’s output so that the columns line up. (Yes, this is the final part of this series!)
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